Epizootic haemorrhagic disease
EHDV
Technical information
Epizootic haemorrhage is triggered by a virus related to the bluetongue virus (EHDV), which is also transmitted by insects (gnats). The disease has not been observed in Europe so far, but is spreading increasingly as a consequence of climate change.
EHDV are non-enveloped viruses with double-stranded RNA, which are divided into 10 different segments. At least eight different serotypes are distinguished. EHDV is unstable at higher temperatures (inactivation at 50 °C and 3 h exposure time; or 60 - 121 °C and 15 min exposure time). Organic solvents such as ether and chloroform are relatively ineffective (unenveloped virus). Disinfectants based on ß-propiolactones, 2% w/v glutaraldehydes, acids, alkalis (2% w/v NaOH), 2-3% w/v sodium hypochlorite, iodophores and phenols are effective.
Symptomatology
EHD is an important differential diagnosis to bluetongue in deer. In cattle, bluetongue (BT), bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), vesicular stomatitis (VS), and malignant catarrhal fever (BKF) are considered as differential diagnoses. Sheep and goats do not become clinically ill.
Diagnostic
Due to the unspecific symptoms, a laboratory diagnostic clarification is essential. The virus itself can be efficiently and very sensitively and specifically detected in real-time PCR. Similar to BTV, EHDV is also detectable in EDTA blood for a long time (> 50 days after infection). Antibodies can be detected in competitive ELISA from 10-14 days after infection.
Sample material required: EDTA blood and serum from live animals; spleen, lungs, lymph nodes, liver.
Contact
Institut für veterinärmedizinische Untersuchungen Mödling
- vetmed.moedling@ages.at
- +43 50 555-38112
-
2340 Mödling
Robert Koch-Gasse 17
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